Sir William Jardine, 7th Baronet
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Sir William Jardine, 7th Baronet of Applegarth FRS
FRSE Fellowship of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Scotland's national academy of science and letters, judged to be "eminently distinguished in their subject". This soci ...
FLS FSA (23 February 1800 – 21 November 1874) was a Scottish naturalist. He is known for his editing of a long series of natural history books, ''The Naturalist's Library''.


Life and work

Jardine was born on 23 February 1800 at 28 North Hanover Street in
Edinburgh Edinburgh ( ; gd, Dùn Èideann ) is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 Council areas of Scotland, council areas. Historically part of the county of Midlothian (interchangeably Edinburghshire before 1921), it is located in Lothian ...
, the son of Sir Alexander Jardine, 6th baronet of Applegarth and his wife, Jane Maule. He was educated in both
York York is a cathedral city with Roman origins, sited at the confluence of the rivers Ouse and Foss in North Yorkshire, England. It is the historic county town of Yorkshire. The city has many historic buildings and other structures, such as a ...
and Edinburgh then studied medicine at
Edinburgh University The University of Edinburgh ( sco, University o Edinburgh, gd, Oilthigh Dhùn Èideann; abbreviated as ''Edin.'' in Post-nominal letters, post-nominals) is a Public university, public research university based in Edinburgh, Scotland. Granted ...
. From 1817 to 1821 he lodged with Rev Dr Andrew Grant at James Square, an arrangement made by his father. Grant was minister of St Andrew's Church on George Street. In his early years, aged only 25, he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh his proposer being Sir David Brewster. He was a co-founder of the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club, and contributed to the founding of the Ray Society. He was "keenly addicted to field-sports, and a master equally of the rod and the gun". While ornithology was his main passion, he also studied ichthyology, botany and geology. His book on fossil burrows and traces, the '' Ichnology of Annandale'', included fossils from his ancestral estate.Jardine, W. 1853. ''The Ichnology of Annandale; Or, Illustrations of Footmarks Impressed on the New Red Sandstone of Corncockle Muir''. He was the first to coin the term '' ichnology'', and this was the first book written on the subject. His private natural history museum and library are said to have been the finest in Britain. Jardine made natural history available to all levels of Victorian society by editing the hugely popular forty volumes of The Naturalist's Library (1833–1843) issued and published by his brother in law, the Edinburgh printer and engraver,
William Home Lizars William Home Lizars (1788 – 30 March 1859) was a Scottish painter and engraver. Life The son of Daniel Lizars, and brother of the surgeon John Lizars, he was born at Edinburgh in 1788, and was educated at the high school there. His siste ...
.Susan Sheets-Pyenso
"War and Peace in Natural History Publishing: The Naturalist's Library, 1833-1843"
''
Isis Isis (; ''Ēse''; ; Meroitic: ''Wos'' 'a''or ''Wusa''; Phoenician: 𐤀𐤎, romanized: ʾs) was a major goddess in ancient Egyptian religion whose worship spread throughout the Greco-Roman world. Isis was first mentioned in the Old Kin ...
''. 1981, v.72 (no. 261) pp.50-72.
The series was divided into four main sections:
Ornithology Ornithology is a branch of zoology that concerns the "methodological study and consequent knowledge of birds with all that relates to them." Several aspects of ornithology differ from related disciplines, due partly to the high visibility and th ...
(14 volumes),
Mammal Mammals () are a group of vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia (), characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a region of the brain), fur or ...
ia (13 volumes),
Entomology Entomology () is the science, scientific study of insects, a branch of zoology. In the past the term "insect" was less specific, and historically the definition of entomology would also include the study of animals in other arthropod groups, such ...
(7 volumes), and
Ichthyology Ichthyology is the branch of zoology devoted to the study of fish, including bony fish ( Osteichthyes), cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes), and jawless fish (Agnatha). According to FishBase, 33,400 species of fish had been described as of Octob ...
(6 volumes); each prepared by a leading naturalist. James Duncan wrote the insect volumes. The artists responsible for the illustrations included Edward Lear. The work was published in Edinburgh by W. H. Lizars. The frontispiece is a portrait of
Pierre André Latreille Pierre André Latreille (; 29 November 1762 – 6 February 1833) was a French zoologist, specialising in arthropods. Having trained as a Roman Catholic priest before the French Revolution, Latreille was imprisoned, and only regained his freedom ...
. His other publications included an edition of
Gilbert White Gilbert White FRS (18 July 1720 – 26 June 1793) was a " parson-naturalist", a pioneering English naturalist, ecologist, and ornithologist. He is best known for his ''Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne''. Life White was born on ...
's '' Natural History of Selborne'' which re-established White's reputation, ''Illustrations of Ornithology'' (1825–1843), and an affordable edition of Alexander Wilson's ''Birds of America''. Jardine described of a number of bird species, alone or in conjunction with his friend
Prideaux John Selby Prideaux John Selby FRSE FLS (23 July 1788 – 27 March 1867) was an English ornithologist, botanist and natural history artist. Life Selby was born in Bondgate Street in Alnwick in Northumberland, the eldest son of George Selby of Beal a ...
. He died on 21 November 1874 in
Sandown Sandown is a seaside resort and civil parishes in England, civil parish on the south-east coast of the Isle of Wight, United Kingdom with the resort of Shanklin to the south and the settlement of Lake, Isle of Wight, Lake in between. Together ...
, Isle of Wight.


Family and descendants

He was married to Jane Home Lizars, and through her was brother-in-law to
John Lizars Prof John Lizars FRSE (15 May 1792–21 May 1860) was a Scottish surgeon, anatomist and medical author. He was Professor of surgery at the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh and senior surgeon at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh. He perfo ...
FRSE Fellowship of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Scotland's national academy of science and letters, judged to be "eminently distinguished in their subject". This soci ...
and
William Home Lizars William Home Lizars (1788 – 30 March 1859) was a Scottish painter and engraver. Life The son of Daniel Lizars, and brother of the surgeon John Lizars, he was born at Edinburgh in 1788, and was educated at the high school there. His siste ...
. After Lady Jardine's death he married the daughter of the Rev. William Samuel Symonds, the well-known geologist. Jardine's daughter, Catherine Dorcas Maule Jardine, married
Hugh Edwin Strickland Hugh Edwin Strickland (2 March 1811 – 14 September 1853) was an English geologist, ornithologist, naturalist and systematist. Through the British Association, he proposed a series of rules for the nomenclature of organisms in zoology, known as ...
and produced many of the illustrations for ''Illustrations of Ornithology'' (identifiable by her initials, CDMS). The Olympic rower Sir
Matthew Pinsent Sir Matthew Clive Pinsent, (; born 10 October 1970) is an English rower and broadcaster. During his rowing career, he won 10 world championship gold medals and four consecutive Olympic gold medals. Since retiring, he has worked as a sports br ...
is a direct descendant of Jardine.


Bibliography

Jardine wrote many books and edited the series and wrote many of the books for The Naturalist's Library. The books are listed below by publication date with those of The Naturalist's Library under a separate heading. *1825 to 1843, ''Illustrations of Ornithology'', written with
Prideaux John Selby Prideaux John Selby FRSE FLS (23 July 1788 – 27 March 1867) was an English ornithologist, botanist and natural history artist. Life Selby was born in Bondgate Street in Alnwick in Northumberland, the eldest son of George Selby of Beal a ...
in four volumes:
Volume I

Volume II
**Volume III
Volume IV
*1848
''Contributions to Ornithology for 1848''
Vols. I and II *1850
''Contributions to Ornithology for 1850''
Vols. III and IV *1851
''The Natural History of Selborne''
by
Gilbert White Gilbert White FRS (18 July 1720 – 26 June 1793) was a " parson-naturalist", a pioneering English naturalist, ecologist, and ornithologist. He is best known for his ''Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne''. Life White was born on ...
with additions, supplementary notes a short biography of Reverend Gilbert White by Jardine *1853
''Contributions to Ornithology for 1852''
Vol. V *1858
''Memoirs of Hugh Edwin Strickland, M.A.''


The Naturalist's Library

Jardine edited the series of books that were published a part of The Naturalist's Library, and include (in the order in which they were published):Schomburgk, Robert H. (1843)
''Ichthyology: Vol. V: Fishes of Guiana: Part II''
pp. i-iii]
#1833
''Ornithology: Humming Birds: Part I''
by Jardine with a memoir of
Carl Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné Blunt (2004), p. 171. (), was a Swedish botanist, zoologist, taxonomist, and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the ...
#1833
''The Natural History of Monkeys''
by Jardine with a memoir of
Comte de Buffon Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon (; 7 September 1707 – 16 April 1788) was a French naturalist, mathematician, cosmologist, and encyclopédiste. His works influenced the next two generations of naturalists, including two prominent F ...
#1833
''Ichthyology: British Fishes: Part II''
by Robert Hamilton with a memoir of
Alexander von Humboldt Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von Humboldt (14 September 17696 May 1859) was a German polymath, geographer, naturalist, explorer, and proponent of Romantic philosophy and science. He was the younger brother of the Prussian minister, ...
#undated
''Ornithology: Humming Birds: Part II''
by Jardine with a memoir of
Thomas Pennant Thomas Pennant (14 June Old Style, OS 172616 December 1798) was a Welsh natural history, naturalist, traveller, writer and antiquarian. He was born and lived his whole life at his family estate, Downing Hall near Whitford, Flintshire, in Wales ...
#1834
''Mammalia: Vol. II: The Felinae''
by Jardine with a memoir of
Georges Cuvier Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric, Baron Cuvier (; 23 August 1769 – 13 May 1832), known as Georges Cuvier, was a French natural history, naturalist and zoology, zoologist, sometimes referred to as the "founding father of paleontology". Cuvier ...
#1834
''The Natural History of Gallinaceous Birds: Vol. I''
by Jardine with a memoir of
Aristotle Aristotle (; grc-gre, Ἀριστοτέλης ''Aristotélēs'', ; 384–322 BC) was a Greek philosopher and polymath during the Classical period in Ancient Greece. Taught by Plato, he was the founder of the Peripatetic school of phil ...
#1835
''The Natural History of Fishes of the Perch Family''
by Jardine with a memoir of
Joseph Banks Sir Joseph Banks, 1st Baronet, (19 June 1820) was an English naturalist, botanist, and patron of the natural sciences. Banks made his name on the 1766 natural-history expedition to Newfoundland and Labrador. He took part in Captain James ...
#1835
''Entomology: Vol. III: British Butterflies''
by James Duncan with a memoir of
Abraham Gottlob Werner Abraham Gottlob Werner (; 25 September 174930 June 1817) was a German geologist who set out an early theory about the stratification of the Earth's crust and propounded a history of the Earth that came to be known as Neptunism. While most tenet ...
#1836
''The Natural History of Parrots''
by Prideaux J. Selby with plates by Edward Lear and a memoir of
Thomas Bewick Thomas Bewick (c. 11 August 17538 November 1828) was an English wood-engraver and natural history author. Early in his career he took on all kinds of work such as engraving cutlery, making the wood blocks for advertisements, and illustrating ch ...
#1836
''Mammalia: Vol. V: Pachyderms''
by Jardine with a memoir of
Hans Sloane Sir Hans Sloane, 1st Baronet (16 April 1660 – 11 January 1753), was an Irish physician, naturalist, and collector, with a collection of 71,000 items which he bequeathed to the British nation, thus providing the foundation of the British Mu ...
#1836
''The Natural History of British Moths, Sphinxes, &c.''
by James Duncan with a memoir of
Maria Sibylla Merian Maria Sibylla Merian (2 April 164713 January 1717) was a German naturalist and scientific illustrator. She was one of the earliest European naturalists to observe insects directly. Merian was a descendant of the Frankfurt branch of the Swiss M ...
#1837
''The Natural History of the Ordinary Cetacea or Whales''
by Jardine with a memoir of
Bernard Germain de Lacépède Bernard-Germain-Étienne de La Ville-sur-Illon, comte de Lacépède or La Cépède (; 26 December 17566 October 1825) was a French naturalist and an active freemason. He is known for his contribution to the Comte de Buffon's great work, the ...
#1837
''The Natural History of Foreign Butterflies''
by James Duncan with a memoir of
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, chevalier de Lamarck (1 August 1744 – 18 December 1829), often known simply as Lamarck (; ), was a French naturalist, biologist, academic, and soldier. He was an early proponent of the idea that biologi ...
#1837
''The Natural History of the Birds of Western Africa''
by William Swainson with a memoir of
François Levaillant François Levaillant (born Vaillant, later in life as Le Vaillant, ''"The Valiant"'') (6 August 1753 – 22 November 1824) was a French author, explorer, naturalist, zoological collector, and noted ornithologist. He described many new species of ...
#1838
''The Natural History of the Birds of Great Britain and Ireland: Part I: Birds of Prey''
by Jardine with a memoir of
Robert Sibbald Sir Robert Sibbald (15 April 1641 – August 1722) was a Scottish physician and antiquary. Life He was born in Edinburgh, the son of David Sibbald (brother of Sir James Sibbald) and Margaret Boyd (January 1606 – 10 July 1672). Educated at t ...
#1838
''The Natural Arrangement and Relations of the Family of Flycatchers or Muscicapidae''
by William Swainson with a memoir of Albrecht von Haller #1838
''A History of British Quadrupeds''
by
William MacGillivray William MacGillivray FRSE (25 January 1796 – 4 September 1852) was a Scottish naturalist and ornithologist. Life and work MacGillivray was born in Old Aberdeen and brought up on Harris. He returned to Aberdeen where he studied Medicin ...
with a memoir of
Ulisse Aldrovandi Ulisse Aldrovandi (11 September 1522 – 4 May 1605) was an Italian naturalist, the moving force behind Bologna's botanical garden, one of the first in Europe. Carl Linnaeus and the comte de Buffon reckoned him the father of natural history st ...
#1839
''The Natural History of the Amphibious Carnivora, Including the Walrus and Seals, Also of the Herbivorous Cetacea, &c.''
by Robert Hamilton with a memoir of
François Péron François Auguste Péron (22 August 1775 – 14 December 1810) was a French naturalist and explorer. Life Péron was born in Cérilly, Allier, in 1775, the son of a tailor (not a harness maker as is frequently asserted). Although intended for ...
#1839
''The Natural History of Dogs: Canidae or Genus ''Canis'' of Authors: Including Also the Genera ''Hyaena'' and ''Proteles'': Vol. I''
by Chas. Hamilton Smith with a memoir of
Peter Simon Pallas Peter Simon Pallas FRS FRSE (22 September 1741 – 8 September 1811) was a Prussian zoologist and botanist who worked in Russia between 1767 and 1810. Life and work Peter Simon Pallas was born in Berlin, the son of Professor of Surgery ...
#1840
''The Natural History of Dogs: Canidae or Genus ''Canis'' of Authors: Including Also the Genera ''Hyaena'' and ''Proteles'': Vol. II''
by Chas. Hamilton Smith with a memoir of
Félix de Azara Félix Manuel de Azara y Perera (18 May 1746 – 20 October 1821) was a Spanish military officer, naturalist, and engineer. Life Félix de Azara was born on 18 May 1746 in Barbunales, Aragon. He joined the army and attended a Spanish military ...
#1840
''Introduction to Entomology''
by James Duncan with memoirs of
Jan Swammerdam Jan Swammerdam (February 12, 1637 – February 17, 1680) was a Dutch biologist and microscopist. His work on insects demonstrated that the various phases during the life of an insect— egg, larva, pupa, and adult—are different forms of the ...
and
Charles De Geer Baron Charles de Geer (the family is usually known as De Geer with a capitalized "De" and is pronounced "de yer"); Finspång in Risinge 30 January 1720 – Stockholm 7 March 1778) was a Swedish industrialist and entomologist. Life De Geer, w ...
#1841
''The Natural History of Marsupialia or Pouched Animals''
by
G. R. Waterhouse George Robert Waterhouse (6 March 1810 – 21 January 1888) was an English natural history, naturalist. He was a keeper at the department of geology and later curator of the Zoological Society of London's museum. Early life George was born ...
with a memoir of John Barclay #1841
''The Natural History of Horses: The Equidae or Genus ''Equus'' of Authors''
by Chas. Hamilton Smith with a memoir of
Conrad Gessner Conrad Gessner (; la, Conradus Gesnerus 26 March 1516 – 13 December 1565) was a Swiss physician, naturalist, bibliographer, and philologist. Born into a poor family in Zürich, Switzerland, his father and teachers quickly realised his tale ...
#1841
''The Natural History of the Fishes of Guiana: Part I''
by Robert H. Schomburgk #1841
''The Natural History of Exotic Moths''
by James Duncan with a memoir of
Pierre André Latreille Pierre André Latreille (; 29 November 1762 – 6 February 1833) was a French zoologist, specialising in arthropods. Having trained as a Roman Catholic priest before the French Revolution, Latreille was imprisoned, and only regained his freedom ...
#1842
''The Natural History of the Birds of Great Britain and Ireland: Part III: Rasores and Grallatores''
by Jardine with a memoir of John Walker #1842
''An Introduction to the Mammalia''
by
Charles Hamilton Smith Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Hamilton Smith, KH, KW, FRS, FLS, (26 December 1776 in East Flanders, in the United Provinces of the Netherlands – 21 September 1859 in Plymouth) was an English artist, naturalist, antiquary, illustrator, soldie ...
with a memoir of
Dru Drury Dru Drury (4 February 1724 – 15 December 1803) was a British collector of natural history specimens and an entomologist. He had specimens collected from across the world through a network of ship's officers and collectors including Henry Sme ...
#1843
''Ichthyology: Fishes, Particularly Their Structure and Economical Uses''
by J. S. Bushnan with a memoir of
Hippolito Salviani Hippolito Salviani (1514–1572) was an Italian physician, scholar and naturalist, noted for his Renaissance book ''Aquatilium animalium historiae'', depicting about hundred Mediterranean fish species, some from Illyria, and a few mollusks. He ...
#1843
''The Natural History of the Fishes of Guiana: Part II''
by Robert H. Schomburgk with a memoir of
Johann Ludwig Burckhardt Johann Ludwig (also known as John Lewis, Jean Louis) Burckhardt (24 November 1784 – 15 October 1817) was a Swiss traveller, geographer and Orientalist. Burckhardt assumed the alias ''Sheikh Ibrahim Ibn Abdallah'' during his travels in Arabia ...
#1844
''The Natural History of Game-Birds''
by Jardine with a memoir of
Stamford Raffles Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles (5 July 1781 – 5 July 1826) was a British statesman who served as the Lieutenant-Governor of the Dutch East Indies between 1811 and 1816, and Lieutenant-Governor of Bencoolen between 1818 and 1824. He is ...
#1852
''The Natural History of Beetles''
by James Duncan with a memoir of
John Ray John Ray FRS (29 November 1627 – 17 January 1705) was a Christian English naturalist widely regarded as one of the earliest of the English parson-naturalists. Until 1670, he wrote his name as John Wray. From then on, he used 'Ray', after ...
#undated
''Ornithology: Pigeons''
by
Prideaux John Selby Prideaux John Selby FRSE FLS (23 July 1788 – 27 March 1867) was an English ornithologist, botanist and natural history artist. Life Selby was born in Bondgate Street in Alnwick in Northumberland, the eldest son of George Selby of Beal a ...
with a memoir of
Pliny the Elder Gaius Plinius Secundus (AD 23/2479), called Pliny the Elder (), was a Roman author, naturalist and natural philosopher, and naval and army commander of the early Roman Empire, and a friend of the emperor Vespasian. He wrote the encyclopedic '' ...
#1859
''Entomology: Bees''
by Jardine with a memoir of
François Huber François Huber (2 July 175022 December 1831), also known as Francis in English publications and Franz in German publications, was a Switzerland, Swiss Entomology, entomologist who specialized in honey bees. His pioneering work was recognized a ...
#1860
''Ichthyology: British Fishes: Part I''
by Robert Hamilton with a memoir of
Guillaume Rondelet Guillaume Rondelet (27 September 150730 July 1566), also known as Rondeletus/Rondeletius, was Regius professor of medicine at the University of Montpellier in southern France and Chancellor of the University between 1556 and his death in 1566. He ...
#1860
''Ornithology: Birds of Great Britain and Ireland: Part IV''
by Jardine with a memoir of Alexander Wilson #1862
''Ornithology: Birds of Western Africa: Part I''
by W. Swainson with a memoir of
James Bruce James Bruce of Kinnaird (14 December 1730 – 27 April 1794) was a Scottish traveller and travel writer who confirmed the source of the Blue Nile. He spent more than a dozen years in North Africa and Ethiopia and in 1770 became the first Eur ...
#1864
''The Natural History of the Nectariniadae, or Sun-Birds''
by Jardine with a memoir of
Francis Willughby Francis Willughby (sometimes spelt Willoughby, la, Franciscus Willughbeius) FRS (22 November 1635 – 3 July 1672) was an English ornithologist and ichthyologist, and an early student of linguistics and games. He was born and raised at ...
#1866
''Mammalia: Deer, Antelopes, Camels, &c.''
by Jardine with a memoir of
Petrus Camper Petrus Camper FRS (11 May 1722 – 7 April 1789), was a Dutch physician, anatomist, physiologist, midwife, zoologist, anthropologist, palaeontologist and a naturalist in the Age of Enlightenment. He was one of the first to take an interest in ...
#1866
''Mammalia: Goats, Sheep, Oxen, &c.''
by Jardine with a memoir of John Hunter #1866
''Ornithology: Parrots''
by
Prideaux John Selby Prideaux John Selby FRSE FLS (23 July 1788 – 27 March 1867) was an English ornithologist, botanist and natural history artist. Life Selby was born in Bondgate Street in Alnwick in Northumberland, the eldest son of George Selby of Beal a ...
with a memoir of
Thomas Bewick Thomas Bewick (c. 11 August 17538 November 1828) was an English wood-engraver and natural history author. Early in his career he took on all kinds of work such as engraving cutlery, making the wood blocks for advertisements, and illustrating ch ...
#1866
''Ornithology: Birds of Great Britain and Ireland: Part II''
by Jardine with a memoir of William Smellie Later supplements include the following titles: ''The Natural History of Man'', ''Humming Birds Volume 3'' and a single volume that collated the memoirs of "great naturalists".


See also

* :Taxa named by Sir William Jardine * Jardine baronets


References


External links


Obituary
in ''Nature'', Vol. 11, 74–76, 26 November 1874
Obituary
in Osbert Salvin (Editor), ''Ibis, Quarterly Journal of Ornithology'', Vol. V, page 522, 1875 * * *
Sir William Jardine
lithograph by
Thomas Herbert Maguire Thomas Herbert Maguire (1821 – 1895) was an English artist and engraver, noted for his portraits of prominent figures. Maguire was a brilliant pupil of master lithographer and line-engraver, Richard James Lane (1800-1872), one of the favourite co ...
, printed by M & N Hanhart c. 1851 at the National Portrait Gallery * Jardine, William (1833
''The Natural History of Humming-Birds, Vol. 1''
- digital facsimile from the
Linda Hall Library The Linda Hall Library is a privately endowed American library of science, engineering and technology located in Kansas City, Missouri, sitting "majestically on a urban arboretum." It is the "largest independently funded public library of scien ...
{{DEFAULTSORT:Jardine, William 1800 births 1874 deaths Alumni of the University of Edinburgh Baronets in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia Fellows of the Royal Society Writers from Edinburgh Scottish ornithologists Scottish naturalists Scientists from Edinburgh Fellows of the Linnean Society of London Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh